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Developers are doing
great things with Swift.

Swift is a fast and efficient language that provides real-time feedback and can be seamlessly incorporated into existing Objective-C code. So developers are able to write safer, more reliable code, save time, and create even richer app experiences.

Great apps
built using Swift.

More and more developers are incorporating Swift code into their apps. And some are even building all-new apps entirely in Swift.

Better performance
equals better apps.

Swift apps more than live up to the name. For instance, a common search algorithm completes much faster using Swift.

10,000 integers found in a graph
using depth-first search algorithm*

Educators are adding Swift
to their curriculum.

Developers aren’t the only ones who’ve noticed the potential of Swift. Universities and academic institutions are teaching Swift in their computer programming courses and offering free courses on iTunes U. Which means the transition from introductory coding to professional programming has never been easier.

Colleges and universities that are incorporating Swift into their courses

Aberystwyth University
Borough of Manhattan
Community College
California Polytechnic State University
Central Piedmont Community College
Foothill College
Full Sail University

Houston Community College System
Ingésup
Lawson State Community College
Mesa Community College
Northwest Kansas Technical College
Plymouth University

RMIT University
Southern Methodist University
Stanford University
Technical University of Munich
Tecnológico de Monterrey
University of California, Santa Cruz

Swift is everywhere.
And now it’s open for everyone.

Swift is free and open source, and it’s available to a wide audience of developers, educators, and students under the Apache 2.0 open source license. We’re providing binaries for macOS and Linux that can compile code for iOS, macOS, watchOS, tvOS, and Linux. And to help Swift grow into an even more powerful language, we created a community where users can contribute directly to the Swift source code.

Get started with Swift.

The Definitive Book

Download The Swift Programming Language from the Apple Books Store free. Learn how Swift makes programming easier, more flexible, and more fun.

Download the free book

Xcode

Xcode is the Mac app used to build every other Mac app and every iOS app, too. It has all the tools you need to create an amazing app experience. And it’s available as a free download from the Mac App Store.

Download Xcode from the
Mac App Store

Developer Website

Get detailed technical information and an advanced overview of Swift. Check out the developer blog and stay up to date on the latest news. And enjoy free access to great resources like guides, videos, and sample code.

Learn more

The development market has been regularly observing the introduction of new programming languages. But do these new languages overcome old ones that have been ruling the development market for the past many years? Well, the introduction of new languages doesn't incline to fade away the prominence of older ones providing the older versions have the qualities to prove their existence.

If you want to pick the right programming language to accomplish your project purpose, first you need to have a look at a few best ones that are dominating the industry with their presence. Don't go anywhere, as we at MobileAppDaily have conducted in-depth research and prepared a list of 12 best programming languages, helping developers to accomplish a variety of business projects.

Top Programming Languages For App Development Process

Walk with us to know about the top programming languages, empowering developers with their robust development structures.

1. JavaScript

JavaScript can be termed as the backbone of mobile app languages. The programming language was introduced in 1995 and since then it has been used by almost all types of developers in the industry. Due to the popularity and usage, JavaScript stopped StackOverflow’s annual survey of Programming languages for six years in a row.

According to Developer Survey by Stack Overflow's, JavaScript has been ranked as the most popular and best programming language to develop mobile and web apps for the sixth year in a row. Around 70 percent of survey participants reported that they had used the app programming language in the past year.

Developers use JavaScript with other powerful scripting languages including HTML, CSS, and AJAX to receive desired and the best mobile app development results. From Facebook Twitter to Gmail and YouTube, developers rely on JavaScript to create interactive web and mobile experiences to render dynamic content to the users.

One thing is sure; JavaScript is here to stay for long, and with its server-side application Node.js console, it is going to become a ruling programming platform. The biggest example of its achievement is, companies like Google and Amazon have employed JavaScript to give their development process the wings to attain speedy success.

Created: JavaScript was initially coined as LiveScript in September 1995 and was shipped in with Netscape Navigator 2.0.

Pros:

Client-side JavaScript is speedy;
Comparatively easy to learn.
Can be easily integrated with other languages;
Grease monkey support to write snippets.

Cons:

Enable single inheritance;
Unavailability of copy or equal method;
Interpreted differently on different browsers.

Usage/ Applications: Web/mobile app development, desktop app development, and game development.

Average Developer Salary Using This Programming Language: $110,981 per year

Difficulty Curve: Easy

2. TypeScript

After JavaScript, TypeScript has emerged as the next crucial app programming language. In the recent past, many of the startups and tech companies have migrated from JavaScript to TypeScript.

The rise in the popularity of TypeScript can be credited to the fact that it is considered as the must-have extension of the core ECMAScript language. It provides visibility into the code and also offers compile-time static type checking. And the best thing is that most of the developers integrate Typescript with React Native for better app development.

The State of JavaScript survey shows TypeScript as the second most used flavor of JS just behind ES6 with 80.4% of developers using it or wish to learn it.

Created: After two years of internal development at Microsoft by Anders Hejlsberg, it came into light in October 2012.

Pros:

Simplifies JavaScript code;
Provides highly productive development tools;
Adds the benefits of ES6;
Synced with ECMAScript.

Cons:

Unimpressive language configuration;
Lacks package manager;

Usage/ Applications: Web apps and mobile apps.

Average Developer Salary Using This Programming Language: $106,569 per year

Difficulty Curve: Moderate

3. HTML

HTML5 is considered as an ideal Android and iOS app coding language. The markup language provides cross-browser support and also ensures to run smoothly on the desktop and mobile browsers. It is responsive and helps developers build apps that can be accessed on all devices.

This web-frontend app development language is cost-effective, this is because the developers can use the HTML5 on the current version of HTML. Additionally, this scripting language provides the ease to insert clean code that makes the project quality-assured.

Because of its apt features, HTML5 is recommended as one of the best coding languages for developing mobile games. The language has got a remarkable feature for user interaction. Offline editing, message enhancements, and a common SQL database storing make it one of the most used programming languages for mobile app developers. You can also easily learn this programming language with the help of 'online SQL tutors' that even guarantee timely assistance.

Created: Tim Berners-Lee developed HTML in late 1991.

Pros:

Clean code;
Better consistency;
Excellent page layout;
Geolocation support;
Better mobile access to Business Intelligence;
Apps are not restricted by the window frames, and browsers can run in full-screen mode.

Cons:

The language is still half-baked;
Media Licensing Issues;
Lags in multiple device functionality.

Usage/ Applications: Web pages.

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Average Developer Salary Using This Programming Language: $75,487 per year

Difficulty Curve: Moderate

4. Java

Java is one of the most preferred and the best language To create Android mobile apps. This object-oriented programming language can run in two different ways: either in a browser window or in a virtual machine that works without a browser.

Due to the code using flexibility, developers get the opportunity to reuse the same code to update the same aspects available in other apps. And owing to the same reason, Java has become one of the preferred programming languages for cross-platform app development.

Created by: James Gosling designed Java in the year 1996.

Pros:

Object- Oriented language;
Offers APIs;
Has efficient open source Rapid Development tools;
Plenty open source libraries.

Cons:

Memory management is expensive;
Lacks templates, which can hinder the development of high-quality data structures;

Usage/Application: Developing Android apps, web apps, and Big data.

Average Developer Salary Using This Programming Language: $101,013 per year.

Difficulty Curve: Simple and easy.

Notable features of Java:

Higher cross-functionality;
A large active user community and support;
Programs are independently compiled, which allows the same programs to run on different machines;
Offers development tools like NetBeans, and Eclipse SDK, which have debugging capability;
Compatible with Scala, Groovy, JRuby, and Clojure.

5. Python

Python holds a firm grip in the market as one of the best programming languages, helping developers build powerful web and mobile apps. The language is easy to learn and implement which makes it the preferred language for developers to learn.

The best thing about Python is that it is considered ideal as both the Android and iOS app development. This programming language is great for scalability and readability that again makes it a widely used language for cross-platform mobile applications. Python also opens the doors for multithreading and multiprocessing that makes an app much better in performance and command response.

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In another survey, Python toppled JavaScript to become the most favored programming language in the developers’ community.

Created: It was developed by Guido van Rossum and got released in 1991.

Pros:

Support multiple platforms and systems;
Object-Oriented Programming or OOPs driven;
Efficiently increases programmer's productivity;
Extensive Support Libraries.

Cons:

Doesn’t offer much support for mobile computing;
Python's database access layer is in the initial stage.

Usage/Application: Desktop GUIs, Web and Internet Development, Scientific and Numeric applications, and Business applications.

Average Developer Salary Using This Programming Language: $114,383 per year.

Difficulty Curve: Easy

Notable features of Python:

Presence of third-party modules making it capable of interacting with most of the other languages and platforms;
Extensive support libraries - NumPy for numerical calculations, Pandas for data analytics, etc;
Open source and community development;
Fast run-time, user-friendly, built-in data structures;
No need to mention data type, it takes data type based on the value assigned;
Portable and Interactive across Operating systems.

6. R

R is a well-known programming language for statistical computing and graphics. It can be considered as a different implementation of S. Its statistical and graphical techniques include linear and nonlinear modeling, classification, clustering, classical statistical tests, etc.

The best thing about R programming language is the ease in designing publication-quality plots that may include mathematical symbols and formulae. It can be compiled and run on many UNIX platforms and also on Windows and macOS.

In the below image, it’s visible that Stack Overflow traffic for R is considerably high as compared to other languages like Swift and TypeScript.

Created: It was developed by Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka at the University of Auckland.

Pros:

Excellent statistical analysis language;
Easy to code;
Open-source software;
Can easily be used for GNU/Linux and Microsoft Windows;
Effortlessly run on different operating systems.

Cons:

Lacks in package quality.
Unimpressive memory management

Usage/ Applications: Data Science projects, Statistical computing, Machine learning

Average Developer Salary Using This Programming Language: Ranges from $90,042 to $136,616 per year.

Difficulty Curve: Hard

Notable features of R:

Efficient data handling and storage facility,
Best for calculations on arrays;
An integrated collection of tools for data analysis;
graphical facilities for data analysis;
Include user-defined recursive functions, conditionals, loops, and input and output facilities.

7. C/C++

Among the Android programming languages, C/C++ is again considered as one of the most veteran and popular mobile programming languages. Since Android app development has become one of the critical concerns for developers today, the programing language has become important for creating apps based on Android.

This Android app coding language native development kit helps developers greatly in creating the apps using this programming language. C/C++ is one exceptional for apps like 3D Games.

C++ works with objective C, and thus, the mobile app developers can also use it effectively as iOS coding language. It saves the additional time and effort of developers. In case, mobile app developers only want to write the native codes; the libraries are all there to develop the code for the same.

Created: C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983.

Pros:

Plenty of compilers and libraries;
Similar syntaxes as C and C#;
No garbage collector runs in the background.

Cons:

Difficult for the beginner programmer due to its complex syntax;
Doesn’t support garbage collection or Dynamic Memory Allocation;
The object orientation system is quite basic.

Usage applications: Game Development, Graphics Compilers, and Advance Computations.

Average Developer Salary Using This Programming Language: $113,865 per year.

Learning Difficulty: Hard

Notable features of C/C++:

Apt for multi-device and multi-platform app development;
Includes classes, data abstraction, encapsulation, and inheritance, polymorphism;
Rich function library;
Exception handling and function overloading feature;
Wide range of applications – from 3D graphics for games to GUI applications to real-time mathematical simulations.

8. C#

Being an object-oriented programming language, C# is used widely by Microsoft on Windows mobile platforms. It is a pure objective version of C & C++. It has been surveyed that 38% of mobile developers use C# as their part of a programming language while 16% use C# as the primary programming language.

For all those developers who are working on the Windows platform, it is profitable to use C# language. The great news about this mobile programming language is that it can be used for cross-platform mobile app development. Additionally, it can also be used instead of Swift, Java, as well as Objective C.

C#, as one of the best coding languages, offers exceptional support to web developers in the form of lambda expressions, enumerations, and nullable values as well as direct memory access that is not available for the developers when they work with Java. For the same reason, it becomes easy for mobile app developers to create custom iteration behaviors that can easy to use at the client-side.

C# excels in the safety and productivity scale, but do lack when the performance is weighed.

Created: Its first version was released in 2001.

Pros:

Due to similar syntax, it’s easy for the developers who know C language;
Integration with Windows;
Integrated with the .NET library;
Pointer types are not permitted.

Cons:

Allows pointers in 'unsafe' blocks;

Usage applications: Enterprise Cross-Applications Development and Web Applications.

Average Developer Salary Using This Programming Language: Ranges from $66,493 per year to $101,775 per year.

Learning Difficulty: Hard

Notable features of C#:

Pure object-oriented, not a mixture of procedure or object-oriented;
More type-safe and no such problems as memory leak;
Assembly concept solves the versioning control;
Easy to be implemented functions due to the rich class library;
Cross-platform, just need the .NET framework to be installed on the machine;
Good support for a distributed system.

9. PHP

Hypertext Preprocessor or PHP was created in 1995 and becomes a popular scripting language. Even after the inception of new programming languages, the significance of PHP (as a reliable CMS and web app development platform) wasn’t affected.

The secret behind its immense popularity can be credited to its regular updates and patches that it got for years. The best example of PHP’s dominance can be considered as WordPress, the world’s most widely used CMS platform.

As per a survey by w3techs.com, PHP is the best server-side programming language.

The programming language has various advantages like extensive libraries and modules which assure dynamic software development.

Developed by: It was developed by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994.

Pros:

Running is simple;
Functional and object-oriented programming;
Large-scale open-source software community;
Excellent automation tools for testing and deploying.

Cons:

Lacks debugging;
Not secure enough;
Website development is slower with PHP Web Development.

Usage applications: Web Applications, eCommerce Applications, and Content Management Systems.

Average Developer Salary Using This Programming Language: $84,727 per year

Difficulty Curve: Easy

Notable features of PHP:

Easy to use;
Being an interpreted language, there is no need for compilation;
Can run on various platforms like Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, Windows;
PHP keywords, classes, functions, and user-defined functions are not case-sensitive.

10. Swift

Swift is primarily created as an iOS programming language by Apple and has become the best language for app development in the iOS domain. It is a great option for the developers as it offers many features and functionalities to be integrated into an iOS app.

Owing to its capabilities, Swift, the iOS development language, is now considered the future of mobile app development. It is one of the most important mobile app programming languages that is growing at a higher pace.

Swift is an open-source programming language, and this is another reason for its popularity. The programing language is easy to learn, and that is why several developers opt for the same. Programmers who are familiar with Objective C can easily create apps with the help of Swift programing language.

If we talk about the competition between Swift and Objective C, Swift outplays Objective-C by a good margin.

Created: It’s developed by Apple in July 2010.

Pros:

Swift program codes are easy to read;
Easy to add new features;
Short long code line;
No memory leaks.

Cons:

Its regular updates make it somewhat unstable;
Availability of Swift developers is less.

Usage applications: Works exceptionally well with Apple's Cocoa and Cocoa Touch frameworks for the development of iOS apps.

Average Developer Salary Using This Programming Language: $130,801 per year

Difficulty Curve: Easy

Notable features of Swift:

Apple is releasing new material and new features to Swift only;
Syntax is shorter, clearer, and readable;
Runtime crash if a nil optional variable is used, gives eases in the bug-fixing process ;
High-performance and automatic memory management;
Easier to learn, friendlier syntax, can be used as a scripting language;
Open source, and supports dynamic libraries.

11. SQL

If we go by the claims of Evans Data Corporation, at one time, there were about 19 million developers in the world, of whom, 7 million were using SQL. This coding language gives us a fair idea about SQL’s popularity among the top app developers across the world.

Structured Query Language or SQL enables the developer to retrieve database records swiftly. The reason behind its popularity can be credited to its feature of managing data structures and stored information.

According to the StackOverflow 2018 Dev survey, SQL is the most used language by data scientists and data analysts.

Developed by: It was developed by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce and was made available publicly in 1979.

Pros:

Robust query language:
Ideal for large numbers of table rows;
High availability of data;
Splendid data consistency;
Data retrieval from multiple tables is fast.

Cons:

Converting data from Objects into database tables is difficult;
Can run on a single server;

Usage applications: Used in Any Database

Average Developer Salary Using This Programming Language: $84,792 per year.

Difficulty Curve: Easy

Notable features of SQL:

Provide high-performance programming for high usage database system;
Multiple database support;
It is easy to create new tables with SQL;
Efficiently manages numerous transactions.

12. Kotlin

Kotlin was majorly developed to address the issues in Java. Kotlin Syntax is simple, clean, and leads to less code bloat. Java can accompany Kotlin as an Android app coding language to make it compelling. Google has also announced that Kotlin is the next powerful language to develop Android applications. The programing language is on the list of best programming languages that have been widely preferred by developers.

This app development programing language has recently been used by Uber, Evernote, and Pinterest to add advanced features to their mobile applications. Kotlin improves Java support and for the same reason, it is one of the favorites to the developers. The mobile app programming language helps developers to focus on the problem-solving while coding a new application.

Read the full Evernote app review to know its working process, features, and functionalities.

Created: Created by JetBrains and was rolled out in 2011.

Pros:

Increases team efficiency;
Complies with existing Java code;
Easily maintainable;
Less buggy.

Cons:

Still not Java;
Fluctuating compilation speed;
Limited learning resources;
Shortage in the number of Kotlin experts.

Usage/ Applications: Android app development and Backend APIs.

Average Developer Salary Using This Programming Language: $115,166 per year.

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Difficulty Curve: Moderate

Notable features of Kotlin:

Both functional and object-oriented, particularly useful for beginner programmers;
Need not require to put a semicolon at the end of every statement;
Small and light library and runs in JVM;
Works side by side with Java and c++, previous code can be added and used with Kotkin's library;
Reduce extra code and create apps more quickly;
No null-pointer exceptions address the issue with “null safety.”

Which is The Most In-Demand Programming Language?

Among all app development languages, JavaScript is the most in-demand programming language in the entire app development industry. JavaScript is the go-to language for most of the application developers due to its ease of use and applications.

According to Stack Overflow’s annual Developer Survey, the most preferred programming language is JavaScript, closely followed by HTML/CSS and SQL.

If we take a look at the worldwide Google search trends, from June 2018 to May 2019, JavaScript again topped the table, but this time, Python was the second most searched programming language.

Time to Code

Choosing the best programming language for mobile apps is a step further to validate your mobile app development idea into a functional application. One side the idea is going to play a dominant role and on the other hand, the choice of best coding language will help to take your business strategy to a global level.

The developer needs to understand the project requirements and make decisions depending upon the interests and the type of software development. However, the landscape of computer programming changes rapidly and knowing a couple of programming languages will be a huge benefit, especially for the developers.

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Following are possibilities that mobile app developers need to check:

Front-end web development: JavaScript
Back-end web development: JavaScript, Java, Python
Mobile development: Swift, Java, C#
Game development: C++, C#
Desktop applications: Java, C++, Python
Systems programming: C

Many a time, the programming language doesn't fit with the developers' skills and expertise. In that case, it’s better for developers to stick to the language they know better. Further, it is suggested to learn new languages to groom their development skills.